Writing Portfolio Reflection

For the final paper, I want to revisit conceptions of Jewish identity in regard to appearance-and/or-gender-based stereotypes. This would involve a couple readings that we have discussed as a class, particularly those brought up by the recent reading of McGinity’s “Shiksappeal.” I intend to put McGinity’s ideas in conversation with those of either Bear Bergman and Laurel Richardson, who both discuss various stereotypes about Jewish looks and behaviors. If this paper were of a larger scope, I would include both of these authors and possibly more, but considering the length of the given prompt, I will resist temptation. Bergman, Richardson, and McGinity all discuss how Jewishness is defined, and what happens when people meet some of those expectations, but go against others. If I were to use the Bergman piece, I would focus on gender stereotypes about Jews and the reality of typical Jewish gender roles. Alternatively, if I were to follow up on Richardson’s essay, I would discuss interfaith marriages and the children they produce, as well as the roles of Jewish parenthood.

As far as the development of ideas, I think I am slightly disappointed by what we were able to cover over just this semester. While had many discussions on gender and race and how they play into definitions of Jewishness, we did not have much in depth discussion on how sexuality (in reference to both sexual activities and orientations) and non-cis-normative gender identities are understood across contemporary Jewish communities. I am left with questions about how issues such as abortion, same-sex marriage, gender-nonconformity, and others are treated across various fields of Jewish thought. I think the ideas that interested me the most were those about people who met some aspects of defined “Jewishness”, but defied others. This includes the women in “Shiksappeal” who acted as Jewish mothers regardless of whether or not they converted, the Mizrahi women who were “Jewish” enough to be in Israel but not enough to keep their children, and Laurel Richardson and her experiences with “looking Jewish”. The notion of feeling pressured to “prove” one’s Jewish identity catches a lot of my attention.

While the semester in leaving me with issues and topics I would like to know more about, it has also given me tools with which I can think about my own answers to these questions. I understand that it is important to examine not only what people say about themselves, but the narrative it is forming and why they are telling it that way, as in our discussion on Finkelman’s essay about Haredi gender ideology. It was helpful to write out my ideas in response to our readings, and I only wish I had made time to write reflections after we discussed readings as a class, to better see the development of my thoughts. In the writing I did in relation to class essays, in which I necessarily returned to ideas post-discussion, I can see a marked improvement in my thinking as well as my writing.

Book Review Update: Research

Throughout Leah Lax’s story, one aspect of prominence in her journey is that of head-covering. At many points, she takes a look at her head, whether it is covered by a hat, a scarf, or nothing at all, whether her hair underneath is shorn or worn long, whether she lets any of it be seen. This concept of covering her head, and subsequently uncovering it, is reflected in the title Uncovered. I find it interesting to follow her personal relationship with these different levels of coverings and what they mean to her, and I am curious about the meaning that it has to others. Therefore, I am looking into researching that topic and have found a few sources that I think will help me, which I am listing here:

Leila Leah Bronner, “From Veil to Wig: Jewish Women’s Hair Covering,” Judaism 42, no.4 (1993).

Simone Schweber, “Donning Wigs, Divining Feelings, and Other Dilemmas of Doing Research in Devoutly Religious Contexts,” Qualitative Inquiry 13, no.1 (2007).

Amy K. Milligan, Hair, Headwear, and Orthodox Jewish Women: Kallah’s Choice (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014).

Book Review Update; “Uncovered: How I Left Hasidic Life and Finally Came Home” by Leah Lax

This memoir follows Leah Lax, a Jewish woman who grew up in a Reform community in Texas who was drawn into the Chabad Lubavitch movement as a young woman and decades later found herself leaving the movement. Lax’s childhood left her searching for intimacy, belonging, and purpose. Both her parents experienced mental illness, with her mom showing several signs of depression and her father having gone through treatments that left him empty and vacant. She hints early on in the novel towards her initial attraction towards women, long before she ever recognized it. In high school, she learned about the Chabad Lubavitch movement and had her first experiences with it, becoming close with a local Hasidic family and attending a couple programs where she felt drawn in by this world of structure, this world which promised love from the community, from the family, and from God, so long as you follow the rules. College brought her further away from her family and closer to religious life, where an arranged marriage sealed her into the Orthodox lifestyle. As she searches for spiritual fulfilment through the words of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, through her relationship with her husband, through raising her children, Lax remains unfulfilled. She begins to discover herself through discussions with her friends and sister, through the act of writing, and through the ritual of mikvah. This journey of self-discovery leads her to identify as a lesbian and leave her husband, leaving the Chabad movement as well. One key idea that consistently resurfaces is the ritual act of bathing in the mikvah. She discusses the spiritual and emotional meaning of this for her, the acknowledgement of sexuality that goes along with it, and how the act changed for her throughout her life.  

Book Review Project Proposal

For my Book Review project, I am interested in the memoir Uncovered by Leah Lax. I knew initially that I was interested in the lives of women in more Orthodox Jewish communities, so I began my search in that direction. Using the Trexler Library and Google Scholar websites, I found several books that fit my interests. However, they were not necessarily grabbing my attention very much. I kept searching further and began to question my original subject. I had been focusing on the issue of gender in Judaism, while ignoring the subject of sexuality, the other main topic of this course. So, I decided to switch up my search, continuing to look for books about Orthodox communities, but focusing on experiences of queer members of those communities. While I found a couple, the one that most strongly caught my eye fit into both of my fields of inquiry – the experience of a queer woman in the Orthodox Jewish world. Leah Lax’s memoir, titled Uncovered: How I Left Hasidic Life and Finally Came Home, appears to be the first story told of its kind, that of a gay woman finding, living within, and subsequently leaving the Hasidic community. Leah Lax’s experience not only fits the subject matter of this course, but also seems to be capable of answering my own questions about life within Orthodox communities. The personal nature of this book will likely provide a biased account of Hasidism, but there is much to gain from such story-telling. The emotions that go along with such a unique journey interest me, as I can only imagine those emotions for myself. I hope that from Leah Lax’s telling of what she has gone through, she can enlighten me on her own experience and possibly the experiences that others may have in comparable situations. Though I have grown up within various Jewish communities, I have spent little time interacting with Hasidic communities. They are therefore mostly unknown to me, and I have always been wary of them. This wariness comes partially from my own experiences in Orthodox services, as I find mechitzah’s to be uncomfortable and inconducive to prayers. But mostly, this cautionary feeling comes from what I have heard of Orthodox communities, which may very well have been exaggerations. I hope that from Leah Lax’s memoir, I can gain a deeper understanding of what it is like to be a woman within a Hasidic Orthodox community.

Thoughts on Possible Book Review Topics

For my book review, I think I would like to read into the roles and rules surrounding women in modern Judaism, particularly in Hasidic communities. I would be interested in reading more in detail about Tzniut or possibly the role women in these communities play. In recent decades, women’s rights and responsibilities have been brought to light, with many fighting for change towards equality. However, Hasidic communities are known to be fairly conservative and traditional, so I am curious about how modern women in these communities live. Have there been any significant changes to the role that women play, or what sectors of life they can participate in? Have there been more recent interpretations of Tzniut, possibly written by women rather than men? Or reinterpretations of other laws done by women in Hasidic communities?

Alternatively, I would be interested in studying the stories of biblical women. There are certainly stories of women in the Tanakh that I only vaguely know, or recognize by name, and I am sure that there are more that I am completely unaware of. This would include midrashim, like those we read about Lilith. I think it is important to better understand these stories, so as to better give voice to these and other women in Judaism who have often gone unheard.

Some preliminary thoughts

Some free-written thoughts on questions I have regarding gender and sexuality in Judaism:

The other day I was driving with a friend of mine and we passed a few Jewish families walking to/from shul (it was a Saturday). Judging by the way they were dressed they seemed to be Orthodox. I pointed out the wigs that the women used as hair covers and my friend asked me about them, which led me to question what I do and do not know or understand about Tznius and its various rules. This typically leads me to similar questions about the roles and rights of women in particularly Orthodox communities, with regards to things like mechitzahs and participation in services.

I know very little about Jewish ideas and beliefs in regards to LGBT issues. I am curious to understand the place of people who identify with the LGBT community in Jewish scripture and beliefs, as well as in practice. For example, what affect does a same-sex marriage have on the traditional Jewish marriage rituals? Where do non-binary people fit into Jewish rituals that were traditional divided by gender? What do the Hebrew Bible and Rabbinical Commentary have to say on LGBT issues, and what are some of the modern interpretations? And on the topic of Rabbinical Commentary, how do we make a space for voices that were not previously heard, such as those of women in Jewish communities?

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